What type of braking system failure requires a driver to pump the brake pedal rapidly?

The correct answer is total failure. In the case of a total brake failure, the braking system has lost all hydraulic pressure, meaning the driver has no braking ability at all. Pumping the brake pedal rapidly can sometimes build up enough hydraulic pressure through the master cylinder to allow for some level of braking. This technique is often taught to drivers as a last resort when they find themselves unable to slow down effectively due to a complete failure of the brakes.

While partial and intermittent failures may cause braking issues, they do not typically require the pumping method as a standard response. A partial failure may still provide some braking ability, allowing a driver to utilize the brakes normally. An intermittent failure suggests fluctuating functionality of the braking system, where the driver might still have some braking capability but may need to be cautious. Minor failure implies a minor issue that usually does not require drastic measures such as pumping the brakes. In contrast, total failure signifies a complete loss of braking function, thus necessitating immediate action when responding to the situation.